Photovoltaic modules
Photovoltaic modules are the panels that generate the direct current your inverter converts into usable electricity. Choose by output in Wp (from 400 W up to 705 W), by cell technology (TOPCon, N-Type monocrystalline, HJT, Mono PERC), by bifacial or monofacial design, and by where the panel will sit: pitched roof, flat roof, ground or balcony. Panels from AEG, Aiko Solar, Canadian Solar, Hanersun and Jinko Solar, in stock in EU warehouses. Guide
Photovoltaic panels are an efficient renewable energy solution that allows you to use solar energy to generate electricity. They work by capturing solar energy and converting it into power that can run household appliances and cars.
In our offer you will find different types of photovoltaic panels that differ by cell type: monocrystalline, HJT, Mono PERC, N-Type ABC, N-Type Monocrystalline and TOPCon,. You can also choose by power or by renowned brands: AEG, Aiko Solar, Canadian Solar, Hanersun and Jinko Solar. . We also offer a choice between bifacial solar panels e monofacial solar panels.
Choose photovoltaic modules by placement
Choose photovoltaic modules by parameters
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CS6.1-54TB-450
CS6.1-60TB-505
Related module categories
- TOPCon panels
- N-Type monocrystalline
- Bifacial modules
- Full black panels
- Modules by brand
- Mounting systems
Photovoltaic modules: output, cell technology and compatibility
A photovoltaic module converts sunlight into direct current. What separates one panel from another is rated output in Wp, cell technology, physical size and the connector it ships with. Those four values decide how many panels fit on the roof, how they string together and whether they match the inverter you already have.
In this category you will find modules from AEG, Aiko Solar, Canadian Solar, Hanersun and Jinko Solar, in outputs from 395 W to 705 W. Use the filters in the left column to narrow by brand, output, cell type and placement.
FROM THE FIELD
"Do not pick the panel by Wp alone. Check the open-circuit voltage at the lowest expected temperature against the inverter's maximum DC input first. A string that looks fine in summer can exceed the inverter limit on a cold clear morning in February, and that is a warranty problem, not a yield problem."
Ladislav Proc · Photovoltaics specialist, ONSA Plus
How to choose photovoltaic modules
Modules are the part of the system people choose first and should choose last. The roof area, the inverter's voltage window and the mounting rails all constrain what will actually work, so settle those before you compare datasheets.
Work through it in this order: available area and target output, then cell technology against your shading and temperature conditions, then module dimensions and weight against the structure, and finally the practical details such as frame colour and connector type.
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Output in Wp and how many panels you need
Wp is the rated output under standard test conditions: 1000 W/m² irradiation, 25 °C cell temperature and air mass 1.5. It is a comparison figure, not a promise of real yield. Divide your target system size by the module output to get the panel count, then check that the count fits the roof and the inverter's string limits.
- 380 to 450 W panels are the residential standard. Smaller physical size makes them easier to handle on pitched roofs and around obstacles.
- 450 to 550 W covers most new family-house installations, with fewer panels and fewer connections for the same array size.
- 550 W and above belongs on commercial roofs and ground mounts, where the panel is longer and heavier and needs a structure rated for it.
Cell technologies compared
Cell technology decides efficiency per square metre, behaviour in heat and how the panel degrades over twenty-five years.
- TOPCon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact) adds a thin passivating oxide layer behind the cell. Higher efficiency, a lower temperature coefficient and better low-light behaviour than PERC.
- N-Type monocrystalline is doped with phosphorus instead of boron, so it avoids the boron-oxygen reaction that causes light-induced degradation in P-type cells. Slower degradation over the panel's life.
- HJT (heterojunction) combines crystalline and thin-film amorphous silicon in one cell. The best temperature coefficient of the group, which matters on hot roofs with little ventilation.
- Mono PERC is the mature, more affordable P-type option. Still a sound choice where roof area is not the binding constraint.
Tip from practice
Never mix modules of different output, technology or age within one MPPT string. The whole string works down to the weakest module. If you are extending an older array, either run the new panels on a separate MPPT input or add module-level optimisers.
Bifacial or monofacial
A monofacial module generates from the front side only. A bifacial module also collects light reflected onto its rear side, which adds yield when three conditions hold: enough clearance behind the panel, a light-coloured surface underneath, and a mounting system that does not shade the back. On a tight pitched roof the rear gain is close to zero, so bifacial only pays on flat roofs, ground mounts and carports.
Placement: roof, flat roof, ground or balcony
Where the panel sits changes which one you should buy.
- Pitched roof: panel dimensions must fit between the rails and around obstacles. Weight per panel matters for handling and for the roof structure.
- Flat roof: ballasted or load systems set the tilt. Bifacial gains are real here, and wind load drives the ballast calculation.
- Ground mounted: the fewest constraints on size, so larger high-output panels usually win on cost per Wp.
- Balcony: lightweight, smaller-format panels paired with a microinverter and a plug-in connection.
What actually affects yield
Rated output is measured in a laboratory. On a real roof the numbers that move production are orientation, tilt, shading, cell temperature, soiling and latitude. A south-facing array at the right tilt with no shading will out-produce a nominally larger array that is partly shaded for three hours a day.
Quick module comparison
| Property | What to compare | What it affects |
|---|---|---|
| Output (Wp) | 395 to 705 W, efficiency in % | Number of panels, roof area used, cost per Wp |
| Cell technology | TOPCon, N-Type, HJT, Mono PERC | Efficiency, behaviour in heat, degradation over time |
| Front or double sided | Monofacial or bifacial | Extra yield on flat roofs and ground mounts |
| Electrical limits | Voc, Isc, temperature coefficient | String length, inverter compatibility, cold-morning safety |
| Physical | Dimensions, weight, frame colour, connector | Mounting system, handling, cabling, appearance |
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Frequently asked questions about photovoltaic modules
What does Wp mean on a photovoltaic module?
Wp is the rated peak output under standard test conditions: 1000 W/m² irradiation, 25 °C cell temperature and air mass 1.5. It is used to compare modules with each other. Real output depends on irradiation, temperature, orientation and shading.
How many panels do I need for a family house?
Divide the target system size by the module output. A 10 kWp array needs about 22 panels at 450 W or about 18 panels at 550 W. The final count also has to fit the roof area and the inverter's string limits.
Which is better, TOPCon or Mono PERC?
TOPCon has higher efficiency per square metre, a lower temperature coefficient and slower degradation. Mono PERC is more affordable. TOPCon wins where roof area is limited or the roof runs hot, Mono PERC where area is not the constraint.
Do bifacial panels make sense on a pitched roof?
Usually not. Bifacial gain needs clearance behind the panel and a reflective surface below it. On a close-mounted pitched roof the rear gain is negligible, so bifacial pays off on flat roofs, ground mounts and carports.
Can I mix panels of different output in one system?
Not within one MPPT string, because the whole string performs to the weakest module. Different panels can run on separate MPPT inputs, or you can equalise them at module level with optimisers or microinverters.
What connector do the modules use?
MC4 is the industry standard and covers most of the range. Some product lines ship with EVO2. Always match the connector to your existing cabling and connectors rather than mating different systems.
What is the difference between N-type and P-type panels?
P-type cells are doped with boron, N-type with phosphorus. The boron-oxygen reaction in P-type cells causes light-induced degradation of several percent. N-type cells avoid it, so they degrade more slowly over the panel's life.
How long does a photovoltaic module last?
Manufacturers typically warrant 25 to 30 years of performance, with a guaranteed remaining output around 85 to 90 % at the end of that period. Physical life is usually longer, but output keeps declining slowly.
Does shading on one panel affect the whole array?
Within a string, yes. Bypass diodes limit the loss inside the panel, but the string current still drops. On roofs with several orientations or partial shading, use optimisers or microinverters.
Do I have to clean solar panels?
In most European climates rain handles it. Cleaning pays off where there is heavy dust, pollen, bird soiling or a very shallow tilt that stops water running off, and in those cases once or twice a year is enough.
Final panel choice, string design and compliance with regulations depend on the installation site, the inverter's voltage window and the roof structure.
About ONSA Plus
Why installers across Europe buy modules from us
ONSA Plus is a European B2B distributor of photovoltaics, battery storage, heat pumps and EV charging stations. In our own EU warehouses we keep over 1,500 products from 25+ brands, including Jinko Solar, Aiko Solar, Canadian Solar and Hanersun.
We are not just a trading company. We design and service energy systems ourselves, so we answer questions on string design and inverter compatibility from engineering practice, not from a catalogue. You handle a warranty claim directly with us and you buy per job.
